samedi 1 décembre 2012

La Peste, Albert Camus


J’ai lu « La peste » d’Albert Camus. Albert Camus est né en 1913 et il est décédé en 1960 à l’âge de 46 ans lors d’un accident de voiture. Dans le véhicule, a été retrouvé le manuscrit qu’il n’a pas terminé du « Premier Homme », qui est un récit autobiographique sur  lequel il travaillait. C’était un philosophe, romancier, dramaturge, essayiste et nouvelliste. Il n’a pas connu son père et a passé son enfance en Algérie avec sa mère. Sa tuberculose ne lui permet pas d’accéder à une carrière universitaire comme il le souhaitait. Camus est devenu célèbre pour son engagement humanisme et pour son écriture. Les œuvres de Camus comprennent des romans, des pièces de théâtre, des nouvelles et des poèmes. En 1932, Albert Camus publie ses premiers écris dans le Sud. En 1935, Camus crée le théâtre du travail. En 1937, il rompt ses liens avec le parti communiste. En 1957 il reçoit le prix Nobel de littérature. Il devient journaliste après avoir eu une licence de philosophie. Camus est encore aujourd’hui l’écrivain de la révolte de l’humanisme. C’était un philosophe sensible et un surdoué en écriture.
L’histoire se passe en Algérie, à Oran. L’auteur nous décrit Oran comme une ville assez laide, terriblement chaude, au climat dur, dominé par deux saisons qui sont un été et un hiver. On fait la connaissance de deux personnages, le docteur Rieux et de sa femme. Celle-ci étant malade, Rieux l’emmènera au train pour qu’elle se rende dans une fille voisine afin de la faire soigné. Dans le couloir de son immeuble, Rieux tombe en arrêt devant un cadavre de rat. Il le signale à son concierge qui le crois à peine et qui pense tout de suite que cela est une farce de quelqu’un qui lui a mit les rats sur le palier.
Le train part de la femme du docteur part. Cette séparation leur coûte cher, mais le médecin Rieux espère que cela lui permettra de retrouver sa femme en pleine santé. A son retour pour aller chercher sa femme, ce sont deux autres rats morts qu’il trouve sur le trottoir.
 Quelques jours plus tard, une agence de presse annonce que six mille deux cent trente et un rats ont été ramassés le jour même. Puis, soudainement, sans aucune raison le nombre de cadavres diminue, les rues retrouvent leur propreté, la ville se croit sauvée mais cela continue la peste va passer, puis prendra une ampleur bien plus grande, et le concierge va mourir dans de grandes souffrances. Il avait des bubons aux aisselles et une forte fièvre. Il sera alors le premier mort de la peste. Rieux est sollicité par Grand, un employé de la mairie. Il vient d'empêcher une personne se nommant Cottard de se suicider. Les morts se multiplient encore et encore. Le vieux Castel, l'un d'eux, confirme ses soupçons : il s'agit bien de la peste. Rieux fait tout pour que les autorités prennent conscience de l'épidémie et se décident enfin à "fermer" la ville.
Ce que j’en pense :
Rieux est mon personnage préféré car il veille sur ses patients pour éviter tout risque de mortalité. Il est très attentionné, et il est présent pour ses patients. Il est médecin. C’est l’un des premiers à identifier les symptômes de la maladie, et devient un personnage important dans l'organisation sanitaire de la ville. C’est un docteur qui essaye de lutter contre la peste pendant toute la durée de l’histoire. Il est sensible et humanisme et n’abandonne jamais. C’est donc le personnage principal de la peste. Il aime beaucoup sa femme et sa mère et fait attention à elles. Cet homme veut absolument veiller à bien faire son métier, c’est aussi un homme d’action. Rieux est aussi praticien : il visite les malades, incise les bubons, observe les effets du sérum… J’ai beaucoup aimé ce livre car il parle d’une grave maladie et grâce à des médecins comme Rieux, on peut sauver des vies car ils font tout pour rendre la vie sauve. Je trouve que c’est un très beau livre qui évoque une maladie (la peste).
Lea Toussaint

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